Whiskers were drawn between the highest and lowest data points within 1.5 interquartile range (IQR) from the upper or lower quartile. as well as reduced histone H3K27 acetylation in several key glycolysis Kdr genes. Furthermore, deficiency sensitizes MEFs to 2-deoxy-D-glucose, a competitive inhibitor of glycolysis, to induce cell blebbing. Activated Rapgef1, a Crk/Crkl-downstream effector, rescues several aspects of the cell phenotype, including proliferation, cell size, focal adhesions, and phosphorylation of p70 S6k1 and ribosomal protein S6. Our investigations demonstrate that Crk/Crkl-shared pathways orchestrate metabolic homeostasis and cell behavior through widespread epigenetic controls. Introduction and (gene family, are localized to 17p13.3 and 22q11.21 in the human genome, respectively. was first identified as the avian oncogene was later identified in human chromosome 22q11 based on its sequence similarities to (Feller, 2001; Birge et al, 2009). Evolutionary evidence suggests that the two genes were generated by chromosomal duplication in the common vertebrate ancestor (Shigeno-Nakazawa et al, 2016). Despite their possible redundancy, has been implicated in DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) as a dosage-sensitive gene that also shows genetic interactions with has been strongly implicated in DGS, deficiency of mouse alone also affects normal development of anterior/frontal structures, including facial features, great arteries, heart, thymus, and parathyroid, as well as posterior structures, including genitourinary (GU) tissues, as collectively manifested as a condition that resembles DiGeorge anomaly (Guris et al, 2001; Racedo et al, 2015; Haller et al, 2017; Lopez-Rivera et al, 2017). point mutations have also been identified among a large cohort of patients with renal agenesis or hypodysplasia (Lopez-Rivera et al, 2017). A distal region of the common deletion that includes has been linked to GU defects among 22q11.2DS patients, and haploinsufficiency of results in abnormal GU development in mice (Haller et al, 2017; Lopez-Rivera et al, 2017). Although coding mutations have not been linked to DGS without a 22q11 deletion, a recent study has identified non-coding mutations predicted to affect expression in the hemizygous region of the common 22q11 deletion with conotruncal defects (Zhao et al, 2020). Therefore, a reduction of expression below 50% may contribute to expressivity and penetrance known to be highly variable in DGS. On the other hand, has not been established with a firm GSK429286A link to congenital disorders to date, although it is localized to the chromosomal region associated with MillerCDieker syndrome (Bruno et al, 2010). Nevertheless, mouse phenotypes from genetic ablations of either or indicate that neither nor alone is sufficient for normal development (Guris et al, 2001; Park et al, 2006). and encode adapter proteins, consisting of SRC homology 2 and 3 domains (SH2 and SH3, respectively) without known catalytic activities in an SH2-SH3-SH3 configuration, whereas alternative splicing generates CRK isoform b (commonly noted as CRK-I in contrast to the full length isoform a as CRK-II) that does not include the C-terminal SH3 domain (Feller, 2001; Birge et al, 2009). Most CRK/CRKL SH2-binding proteins have been identified as transmembrane proteins (such as growth-factor/cytokine receptors GSK429286A and integrins) and their cytosolic components (Feller, 2001; Birge et al, 2009). The task of inferring the specifics of their biological functions has been challenging due partly to co-expression of CRK and CRKL. Several broadly expressed SH3-binding proteins such as RAPGEF1 (C3G), DOCK1 (DOCK180), and ABL also co-exist in a single cell in which they engage with multiple input signals GSK429286A to elicit context-dependent coordinated responses. To address the challenges noted above, we have used mouse models in which either or both and can be disrupted conditionally..